INTRODUCTION TO SWINE FARMING

INTRODUCTION TO SWINE FARMING

Among livestock species, piggery is the most potential source of meat production and more efficient feed conversion after the broiler. Apart from providing meat, it is also provide bristles and manure.

Pig farming is a promising source of meat production in India with their inherent characteristics of faster multiplicity, higher growth rate and feed conversion ability. Pig rearing in India is carried out under diverse social, Climatic and environmental conditions. In 19th Livestock Census, 37.28% were cattle, 21.23% buffaloes, 12.71% sheep, 26.40% goats and 2.01% pigs out of the total livestock. The total pigs in the country are 10.29 million numbers as per the 19^th livestock census 2012. But it has decreased by 7.54% over the previous census (12.80 million pigs in 2007).

·         Pig farming is well adapted to both diversified and intensive agriculture in rural and semi-urban areas.

·         Pig requires comparatively small investment on housing and equipment compared to other Livestock

·         They are efficient converter of agricultural by products and waste material into high quality protein.

·         Pigs are considered the only litter bearing animal among meat producing livestock having shortest gestation period of 111 days.

·         They are prolific breeders with 2 farrowing every 1 ½ years and commonly farrowed from 8 – 12 piglets.

·         The pork is an important source of high quality protein and carcass return is quite high as 65 – 80 % of live weight.

·         The bristles are used in making brushes and the faeces of pig are useful in maintaining soil fertility and feed for fishponds.

·         Pork is most nutritious, because of the higher content of fat and the lower content of water, the energy value of pork is higher than that of beef or lamb.

·         Gilts may be bred at 8 months of age and the pigs can be marketed at 6 months of age after farrowing.

·         There is good demand from domestic as well as export market for pig products such as pork, bacon, ham, sausages, lard etc.,

·         Pig store fat rapidly for which there is an increasing demand from poultry feed, soap, paint and other chemical and leather industry.

PORK AS A HUMAN FOOD

·         Pork supplies nearly one – half of the meat production from domestic animals in the world.

·         It is an excellent source of high quality protein and some of the mineral elements.

·         It is high in phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, manganese and magnesium and lower in calcium and sodium.

·         Organs such as brain, heart and live r are good source of protein, vitamins and minerals.

Chemical composition of pork

S.No	Content	Quantity
1.	Water (g)	47.9
2.	Energy (k.cal/100 g)	398
3.	Protein (g)	13.4
4.	Fat (g)	37.8
5.	Calcium (mg)	5
6.	Iron (mg)	0.7
7.	Phosphorus (mg)	152
8.	Potassium (mg)	244
9.	Thiamine (B1) (mg)	0.57
10.	Niacin (mg)	3.9
11.	Riboflavin B2 (mg)	0.21
12.	Saturated Fatly acid (g)	13.8
13.	Monounsaturated (g)	17.6
14.	Polyunsaturated (g)	4.2
15.	Cholesterol (mg)	74

STATE WISE PIG POPULATION (In thousands)

Sl.No.	States / Union territories	Total
1	Assam	1636022
2	Utter Pradesh	1334392
3	Jharkhand	962367
4	Bihar	649713
5	West Bengal	648111
6	Nagaland	503688

 (Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics, 2012)

Category			2007			2012			% change
Pigs Exotic/Crossbred • Male • Female			1,209 1,180			1,283 1,174			6.12 -0.51
Total Exotic/Crossbred			2,389			2,456			2.80
Indigenous • Male • Female			4,134 4,610			3,681 4,156			-10.96 -9.85
Total Indigenous			8,744			7,837			-10.37
	Male				Female					Total
	Under 6 Months	6 months & above		Total	Under 6 Months		6 months & above	Total
	Exotic Pigs/crossbred
Karnataka	9086	11129		20215	9730		13579	23309		43524
India	652556	630164		1282720	572445		601224	1173669		2456389
	Indigenous Pigs
Karnataka	41039	46160		87199	65148		108927	174075		261274
India	1924071	1757112		3681183	1969632		2186491	4156123		7837306
								Total		10293695